G: This perform was supported by grants from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (20K22969) to M.M.C.-R. (80272152; 18H04061) and to C.C. Institutional Evaluation Board Statement: All experimental protocols have been approved by the University of Tsukuba Safety Committee for Recombinant DNA Experiments (Code: 170110 from 1 December 2017) in which the policy on the MPEG-2000-DSPE site Animal Care and Use Committee in University of Tsukuba is included. Informed Consent Statement: Not applicable. Information Availability Statement: All data used in this study are accessible in the corresponding author upon affordable request. Acknowledgments: We thank all members of your Japan Newt Study Neighborhood (JNRC) along with the Newtic Organ Regeneration Forum for their valuable comments and discussion, and the citizens of Toride City for helping us together with the everyday upkeep on the newts. Bromfenac custom synthesis Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.Biomedicines 2021, 9,17 of
biomedicinesArticlePhoenixin as a new Target inside the Development of Methods for Endometriosis Diagnosis and TreatmentKarolina Iwona Kulinska 1, , Miroslaw Andrusiewicz 1, , Anna Dera-Szymanowska two, , Maria Billert 3 , Marek Skrzypski 3 , Krzysztof Szymanowski 2,four , Ewa Nowak-Markwitz 5 , Malgorzata Kotwicka 1 and Maria Wolun-Cholewa 1, Citation: Kulinska, K.I.; Andrusiewicz, M.; Dera-Szymanowska, A.; Billert, M.; Skrzypski, M.; Szymanowski, K.; Nowak-Markwitz, E.; Kotwicka, M.; Wolun-Cholewa, M. Phoenixin as a brand new Target within the Development of Methods for Endometriosis Diagnosis and Therapy. Biomedicines 2021, 9, 1427. https://doi.org/10.3390/ biomedicines9101427 Academic Editor: Nikolaos Machairiotis Received: 30 August 2021 Accepted: 5 October 2021 Published: 9 OctoberChair and Division of Cell Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 5D, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; [email protected] (M.A.); [email protected] (M.K.) Clinic of Perinatology and Gynaecology, Poznan University of Healthcare Sciences, Polna 33, 60-535 Poznan, Poland; [email protected] (A.D.-S.); [email protected] (K.S.) Division of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 35, 60-637 Poznan, Poland; [email protected] (M.B.); [email protected] (M.S.) Chair and Department of Health-related Education, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 7, 60-806 Poznan, Poland Gynecologic Oncology Department, Poznan University of Healthcare Sciences, Polna 33, 60-535 Poznan, Poland; [email protected] Correspondence: [email protected] (K.I.K.); [email protected] (M.W.-C.) These authors contribute equally to this work.Abstract: Tiny integral membrane protein 20/phoenixin (SMIM20/PNX) and its receptor GPR173 (G Protein-Coupled Receptor 173) play a role within the regulation in the hypothalamic ituitary onadal axis (HPG). The aim in the study was to establish PNX, FSH, LH, and 17-estradiol association in girls with endometriosis, and also the expression of SMIM20/PNX signaling by way of GPR173. Serum PNX, FSH, LH, and 17-estradiol concentrations had been measured by enzyme and electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. SMIM20/PNX and GPR173 expression within the eutopic and ectopic endometrium was assessed by qPCR and immunohistochemistry. Reduced PNX level, enhanced LH/FSH ratio and elevated 17-estradiol concentration had been identified in patients with endometriosis. No differences in SMIM20 expression have been observed involving the studied endometria. GPR173 expression was reduced in ecto.